History & Culture

Introduction If Guayaquil 1820 was the revolution that started a new phase, Pichincha (24 May 1822) is the moment that […]

Introduction Independence-era war in Ecuador isn’t best understood as “armies clash, someone wins.” It’s better understood as: Can you move

Part 5 — Guayaquil 1820–1822: Three doors, one city Introduction After 9 October 1820, Guayaquil didn’t just gain a new

Introduction If Quito’s revolution years felt like living inside uncertainty, Guayaquil in October 1820 feels like the opposite: a plan

Introduction Think of the Sierra in 1810–1812 as a place where politics stops being “a document” and becomes messy living:

Introduction In August 1809, Quito wasn’t just talking about politics—it was living inside it. News from Europe arrived late and